PRESENT PERFECT
[has/have + past participle]
Examples:
You have seen that movie many times.
Have you seen that movie many times?
You have not seen that movie many times.
PAST CONTINUOUS FORM
[was/were + present participle]
Examples:
You were studying when she called.
Were you studying when she called?
You were not studying when she called.
SIMPLE PAST
[VERB+ed] or irregular verbs
Examples:
You called Debbie.
Did you call Debbie?
You did not call Debbie.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
[am/is/are + present participle]
Examples:
You are watching TV.
Are you watching TV?
You are not watching TV.
SIMPLE PRESENT
[VERB] + s/es in third person
Examples:
You speak English.
Do you speak English?
You do not speak English.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
[has/have + been + present participle]
Examples:
You have been waiting here for two hours.
Have you been waiting here for two hours?
You have not been waiting here for two hours.
PAST PERFECT
[had + past participle]
Examples:
You had studied English before you moved to New York.
Had you studied English before you moved to New York?
You had not studied English before you moved to New York.
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
[had been + present participle]
Examples:
You had been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived.
Had you been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived?
You had not been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived.
FUTURE CONTINUOUS
Future Continuous has two different forms: "will be doing " and "be going to be doing." Unlike Simple Future forms, Future Continuous forms are usually interchangeable.
Future Continuous with "Will"
[will be + present participle]
Examples:
You will be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.
Will you be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight?
You will not be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.
Future Continuous with "Be Going To "
[am/is/are + going to be + present participle]
Examples:
You are going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.
Are you going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight?
You are not going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.
REMEMBER: It is possible to use either "will" or "be going to" to create the Future Continuous with little difference in meaning.
Active / Passive
Active Form
In active sentences, the thing doing the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing receiving the action is the object. Most sentences are active.
[Thing doing action] + [verb] + [thing receiving action]
Passive Form
In passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing doing the action is optionally included near the end of the sentence.
You can use the passive form if you think that the thing receiving the action is more important or should be emphasized. You can also use the passive form if you do not know who is doing the action or if you do not want to mention who is doing the action.
[Thing receiving action] + [be] + [past participle of verb] + [by] + [thing doing action]
Examples:
Presente - The car is made in the United States.
(El carro es hecho en los Estados Unidos.)
Pasado - The car was made in the United States.
(El carro fue hecho en los Estados Unidos.)
Presente Perfecto - The car has been made in the United States.
(El carro ha sido hecho en los Estados Unidos.)
Futuro - The car will be made in the United States.
(El carro será hecho en los Estados Unidos.)
